Writing reflective essay: July 2019

Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Review of Origin of Brunists

Whenever something tragic happens, human beings look for a shelter to take since this is the way of taking away the pain. In addition to this pain, if their lives are dull and bitter, they will feel the need for something brightining to refresh their lives just like it happens in the novel, Origin of the Brunists by Robert Coover. In this novel, a coal mine disaster occurs in which ninentyseven miners pass away and only one miner called Giovanni Bruno succeeds to survive. After his being rescued, he uses phrases such as Mount of Redemption and claims that he had seen Virgin Mary while he had been trapped in the mine. Because of his visions, he becomes a leader of a religious cult named as Brunists and he is viewed as a prophet by some townpeople. As their lives are dull and bitter, they are in need of something to illuminate lives, which is the religious cult named as Brunists. In this novel, the origins of this religious cult and how its popularity are increased take place. The novel begins with BrunistsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ pilgramage to Mount of Redemption and their preparation for the End of the World on the weekend of April. What they expect of End of the World is not obvious but might be The Final Judgement . For the preparation to pilgramage, members of the cult are to wear tunics and Ã¢â‚¬Å"only white garments under the tunicsÃ¢â‚¬ (Coover 15) of theirs. In the first chapter, events and impressions described are witnessed by the characters, Hiram and Emma Clegg, and there is indefineteness about some events such as Marcella BrunoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s death. Since by miracle, Giovanni Bruno is sole survivor of the mine disaster and has visions of Virgin Mary, he is chosen for cult leadership by the townspeople who need new religious experiences. After Giovanni overcomes poisoning, his phrases such as Mount of Redemption are heard by townpeople. Besides this, there is a rumour among people that a white bird is seen in the mine before the catastrophe. Because of all these, Mrs Eleanor Norton who is a high school teacher asks Giovanni whether Ã¢â‚¬Å"he is the One who is to comeÃ¢â‚¬ and he acknowledges this. According to his sister, Marcella Bruno, Giovanni may have been possessed by a divine spirit while trapped in the mine. Therefore, he is chosen as a leader of Brunists cult. One of the characters who needs something illuminating in her life and has an influence over creation of the cult, Brunists is Eleanor Norton who is a high-school teacher. She has been fired from several workplaces and also loses her job at West Condon High School since she cannot give up inducing some of her students consisting of mostly boys to join in religious activities. Therefore, she and her husband, Wylie are compelled to leave many towns that they live in as people in the towns do not approve her interference with young male students. It can be said that Eleanor NortonsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ spiritiual longings take important place in the formation of the cult. After GiovanniÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s acknowledging that he is Ã¢â‚¬Å"the one to comeÃ¢â‚¬ , the cult starts to form around him. Eleanor practices automatic writing in which she communicates with a spirit, Domiron who gives her secret messages and prophecies. Therefore, she is a dominant member of the group. Since the daily lives of the miners and the merchants in the town are tedious and hard, they believe in anything that offers to make their lives special. As their lives depend on chatting with each other, watching basketball games, submitting to the mine for economic survival, it is not surprising that Brunist movement which offers specialness will have followers. Owing to media, Brunists cult gains popularity and its popularity becomes nationwide. This movement in West Condon attract mediaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s attention since it is little wonder that any movement waiting for the end of the world is covered by national newspapers and televisions. The person who first reveals actions of Brunists and sells these to national newspapers is the local journalist, Tiger Miller, who is the owner of town newspaper. In order to get the story of Brunists, he joins in the cult without believing it. While succeeding learning the story of them, he also falls in love with Marcella Bruno. Therefore, he tries to rescue her from the cult but cannot be successful since she is killed by a car while awaiting the end of the world with the group. Miller publishes so many things about Brunists that people in the town are split into its supporters and nonsupporters. Many West Condoners are embrassed by the actions of Brunists when they read the news about them on the newspapers. As a result, a group of people forms a group named Common Sense Committee trying to put an end to this cult. As a consequence, Origin of the Brunists by Robert Coover generally tells the story of a religious cult which is formed after Giovanni Bruno, only survivor of the mine disaster, achieves keep alive. BrunoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s visions, a white bird seen in the mine before the catastrophe, dull and hard lives of the townspeople who need something new in their lives are led them to form a eligious group. This novel shows how people believe in something which a person makes up. Without questioning, they even consider someone as a prophet and wait for the end of the world though they do not know when the world ends. When they gather on the Mount of Redemption, they even beat and kick the journalist, Tiger Miller since their story becomes even international because of him. At the e nd of novel, the end of the world does not come and they cannot accomplish killing Tiger Miller.

Food assignment SC300 Essay

Do you ever wonder where your food comes from? There are so many different and yummy foods out there for us to enjoy, but it is also good for us to know where they come from. There are many things to consider when choosing the food you consume; economical and agricultural research, animal health, water resources and the importing and exporting of your food. In New York there are many farmers markets all year round that help distribute much of the fruits and vegetables while still using imports from other countries. The USDA, United States Department of Agriculture, provides us with many guidelines on the importing process. When importing meat, poultry and eggs there are five basic steps to follow: it must originate from certified countries, the APHIS, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, must be contacted, countries and establishment become eligible by a Ã¢â‚¬Ëœequivalence determination processÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, goods have to reach the labeling requirements and after meeting these expectations it then is inspected one last time by FSIS, Food Safety and Inspection Service. There are certain countries that are eligible to export meat, poultry and eggs to our country. Canada is actually the only country to produce eggs for the U.S. For meat and poultry we can receive our goods from a variety of countries from Australia to Uruguay. The packaging of meat, poultry and eggs is also important, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves all food packaging material before being shipped. The manufacture has to send a petition along with the food ready to be shipped. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Packaging materials entering a meat or poultry plant must be accompanied or covered by a guaranty or statement of assurance from the packaging supplier. The guaranty must state that the material complies with the FFDCA. It must also state the brand name, supplier, and conditions for use, including temperature and other limitsÃ¢â‚¬ (New York State). With following all the steps properly we should be able to receive and consume healthy food. New York State Department of Agriculture has guidelines to disturbing food locally, country wide and international. As a food distributer you have to be licensed and registered. In New York there are numerous amounts of farmers markets working together to distribute fresh healthy food to the people, all year round. Fruits and Vegetables are among the main components of the farmers markets. They provide activities and services to get the food to schools, factories and get them ready for international trade. And all food goes through the proper inspection before the selling of it. New York farmers markets are very thorough in that they give you list of when and where the markets will be held and what times of the year certain products will be available. There are also ecological and economic advantages and disadvantages to locally grown food and imported foods. In New York one of the disadvantages in eating the locally grown food is that some of the lakes surrounding us are not fresh. Some of them are contaminated to the point that you canÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t swim in them. It creates a chemical and physical imbalance within the ecosystem forcing New York to outsource water from the bigger lakes, like the Great Lakes or the Finger Lakes. So making sure that the water resources we have are fresh and ready for drinking and the watering of the crops is important. ThatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s where the advantages come in and there is endless supply of fresh water for the crops and drinking. The ecosystems survive better with the fresh water and the food web can establish itself. When we look at the advantages and disadvantages from an economic stand point in New York the weather can become a common denominator. The weather in New York can be drastic in the winter with the Lake effect just waiting to kick in. But, New York is also known for the farmers markets that are all year round. The summers are hot and the winters are bitterly cold but with all the farming land surrounding the big NY itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s hard not to take advantage of the weather. When we think about our food and all the options we have how do we decide whatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s best for our families? We have choices to make when purchasing food; when we buy chicken do we get organic or not? These choices do impact us globally; hence Ã¢â‚¬Å"Think Globally, Act Locally.Ã¢â‚¬ Our environment is important and itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s also the nesting ground for our food source. We as the people should make sure our actions and decisions gear toward protecting the world we live in. When purchasing our food I do believe that the best would be organic. It supplies our animals with the healthiest appetite to provide the best produce to us. Farmers markets are the best way to support your town or community and making sure you also are getting healthy food for you family. Everything plays apart with something else and making sure we do our part would be making sure we are the healthiest we can be. References New York State. (n.d.). Department of Agriculture and Markets. In New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets. Retrieved September 30, 2013, from http://www.agriculture.ny.gov/TheDepartment.html. Trefil, J., & Hazen, R.M. (2011). The Sciences: An integrated approach. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. USDA. (n.d.). Importing Goods. In United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved September 30, 2013, from http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?navid=IMPORTING_GOODS.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Philosophy Matrix

Monday, July 29, 2019

Exam question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exam question - Essay Example The case of Taco Co of Australia v Taco Bell P/l (1982) ATPR 40-303 sets forth the guidelines of what is deceptive and misleading. There must be a relevant section of the public that the statement is aimed; in this case as good as new are the purchasers of ovens; as is the information of serving in the last month. That there was a misled consumer/bystander who came to an erroneous conclusion, which is the belief that the oven was just serviced. Finally, the reason for the misconception needs to be discerned, which in this case is directly from the mouth of the representative. Therefore in the case of Commercial Ovens co there is a breach of s. 52, but there has also been a breach of s. 53, which is a specific false representation which is also a criminal offence. There are a variety of remedies for Beta Restaurant which are under s. 79 fines if there is a breach of a criminally sanctioning section, such as s. 53. Prosecutions have to be done by the ACCC. In addition there are injunctions, as s. 80, which can be made by any person. The applicant need not have suffered from the misrepresentation, as per World Series Cricket P/L v Parish (1977) ATPR 40-040. There can also be the disclosure of information or corrective advertising, which is also contained within s. 80, as per Janssen Pharmaceutical P/L v Pfizer P/L (1986) ATPR 50-654. There are also damages as covered under s. 82 that Beta may also receive. The applicant needs to establish three scenarios, which are; a loss or damage has occurred; the conduct contravenes; and the loss or damage was caused by the respondent's conduct. In this case there has been a loss due to the loss of business, because the deserts were not ready. The conduct has contravened Part V because there has been a misr epresentation. Finally, if Beta had known about the servicing and actual state of the oven then they would have bought or planned differently. The misrepresentation therefore has caused the loss. The damages would be the amount if the misleading conduct had not happened, in addition as per Steiner v Magic Carpet Tours P/L (1984) allows for mental anguish or loss of enjoyment damages also to be added to the actual damages. Beta is probably entitled to both sets of damages because the misleading information will have led to loss of reputation, which would cause mental anguish. The one fact that Beta has to remember is to sue within 6 years from when the damage is suffered. 3. Will the ACCC be interested in Commercial Ovens Co. (2 marks) The answer is yes because Commercial Ovens will have breached s. 53 for direct misrepresentation over the servicing of the ovens, which lends itself directly to the statement of as good as new. Therefore criminal sanctions should be taken by the ACCC. Question 2: Matt and Bill's partnership to be a legitimate partnership in business has to satisfy three categories, which are; carrying on a business; in common; with a view to a profit. Matt and Bill's partnership has satisfied these three factors. They are carrying on a business, which is a restaurant called Silver Spoons. They are both

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Work with the Solid Waste Management department to provide them with Assignment

Work with the Solid Waste Management department to provide them with an analysis of their trash collection practice - Assignment Example The City is likely to collect 163138.7 tons of solid waste in the next six months. The mean, 8.6, means that every trip carries about 8.6 tons of solid waste and that a total of 163,138.7 tons of solid waste was disposed in the six months. The value can then be used as an estimate for the next six monthsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ quantity of disposed waste. Cost of waste disposal can be derived from quantity of waste disposed and unit cost of disposal. Based on the number tons for each truck and landfill used for the six months, the City spent $3,895,594 in the first six months and this value is predicted for the next six months. The City will therefore spend a total of $7,791,188 on solid waste disposal. Analysis of the total cost of waste disposal suggests that the City spends about $ 205.323 per day, $ 3,895,594 in six months, and $ 649,265.7 per month on solid waste disposal. The City however disposes about 27,189.8 tons per month and this can be used to compute possible cost under WMIÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s proposal. The proposal will therefore lead to a monthly expense of about $492,244.5, which is lower than the current monthly expenditure of $649,265.7. Based on the data, WMIÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s proposal is recommended. Before making a decision, however, factors such as reliability and quality of service that WMI delivers should be considered. The City should ensure that WMI can match quality of the other service providers. The City should verify ability of WMI to collect waste at the expected times and whether the service provider has required resources and potentials to offer the service. Terms of the companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s service delivery, its future stability, and its adherence to environmental regulations are other factors that the City should consider before deciding to work with WMI (Johansson, Lunberg, and Ryberk, 2012). This is because the factors are important to utility among involved stakeholders such as

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Describe types of feedback and determine the effects of circuit Lab Report

Describe types of feedback and determine the effects of circuit performance when feedback is applied,Describe the circuit conditions and the methods used to achieve sinusoidal oscillation - Lab Report Example The two types of amplifier are the positive and the negative feedback. The two differ in terms of whether the signal is described as being in phase or out of phase with the input signal. The two types of feedback can also be referred to as regenerative or direct feedbacks. Regenerative feedback or negative feedback occurs whenever a signal is said to be 180 degrees out of phase to the input signal (Musrt 89). A widely cited, negative feedback is appropriate since it helps in creating a practical circuit given that it can create rates and gains. It can also be used in making circuits stable, as well as self-creating and it has an output that can characteristically create equilibrium condition. In an op-amp, a negative feedback is used for purposes of creating a corrective mechanism (Musrt 67). Moreover, it limits the amplifierÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s input signal hence improving the fidelity of an amplifier. By and large, it increases the frequency response of any given amplifier through preventing the decreasing in the gain of an amplifier. During the application of an amplifier, the feedback signal reduces with the increasing input signal (Musrt 76). On the other hand, in the positive feedback, the voltage or current feedback is often applied for purposes of increasing the input voltage (Musrt 47). When a positive feedback is applied in an inverting signal circuit, a portion of an output signal is fed back to the input. It is worth noting lacking a positive feedback in any circuit causes a slowdown in the detectors of the open loop. Positive feedback can lead to an increase in the amplifier gain. More often than not, feedback is used in electronic circuits for various reasons. First, circuit characteristics can be controlled and made independent of wide variations in most of the active device parameters (Musrt 34). Second, using feedback, it is possible to make circuit characteristics relatively independent of

Friday, July 26, 2019

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Financial Management - Essay Example Aspects like the shareholderÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s concern regarding the working capital management will also be discussed in the following sections. Working capital management refers to the money used for the making of goods and sales. It has been defined as, Ã¢â‚¬Å"A managerial accounting strategy focusing on maintainingÃ‚ efficientÃ‚ levels of both components of working capital, current assets and current liabilities, in respect to each other. Working capital management ensures a company has sufficient cash flow in order to meet its short-term debt obligations and operating expensesÃ¢â‚¬ (Investor Words, 2010). Working capital management involves a strong relationship between the short term assets of a company and the short term loans. The main aim of this concept is to ensure that there is enough cash in the firm to continue all the operations. It also aims at keeping enough liquidity for facing both the short term debts as well as the operational expenses. Inventories, accounts receivable and accounts payable and cash fall into the category of working capital management (Study Finance, 2010). As has been discussed earlier, working capital management is based on the needs of the company and the ability to keep liquidity level at all times. It is essential to be understood that the profit margins of a company and the working capital are inversely proportional to each other. A company with high levels of profit margins generally tend to have a low level of working capital. Similarly a company with low level of working capital will have much higher levels of liquidity (Bhattacharya, 2001). The working capital management mainly deals with the amount of liquidity of the firm and the profitability. The main aim is to ensure that both are in place while dealing with the day to day processes and operations. The short term and long terms financial planning play a major role in the overall liquidity of the company. The long term

Walt Disney Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Walt Disney - Research Paper Example He always had found memories of yesterday that he wanted to combine with today in making animated stories. He was the bridge from the past and his love of history to the future as we know it today. He was a pioneer like never known before. He had one of the most fertile and unique imaginations of his day and of our day. He took what made people dream and made those dreams come true at a time when it was difficult even to have dreams. Walt Disney was born in 1901 in Chicago, Illinois to Elias Disney an Irish Canadian and his mother Flora Call Disney who was German American. He was one of four boys and 1 girl. His family moved to Marceline Missouri where he grew up. He showed a very early interest in sketching and drawing and his parents encouraged him. He began to sell small sketches to his friends and neighbors when he was about 7. In school, he was often in trouble because he chose to doodle instead of doing his schoolwork. He had family that worked on the railroad and he was able to get summer jobs selling popcorn, soda pop and candy to the travelers. This is where he learned to love railroads and later built the scale railroad for friends and neighbors. He also went to his first movie house in Marceline. He was fascinated. The first movie he saw was the recreation of the crucifixion of Christ. He loved nature and wildlife and often just took long walks. He had a great sense of family like so many that grow up in an agrarian society. Later, his family moved to Kansas City. By this time, he had developed a talent for acting and performing as well as his drawing. He was often known to imitate Charlie Chaplin as an entertainment for his friends. He often snuck out of the house late at night to perform in the local theaters or to tell his friends stories that he had made up. Walt Disney tried to enlist in the service in 1918 but was not allowed to

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Discounting and Present Value Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discounting and Present Value Analysis - Essay Example Since I am the investor in this situation, I would perceive a certain required rate of return based on my own understandings and estimates of current market inflation, risk-free rate, expected rate of return of the market and other risk factors. Thus, it would be my choice to choose an appropriate required rate of return (RRR) keeping in view the above things. In this case, 8% is my RRR and at this rate I would sell the project for $281,893. C. Price and discount rate go inversely while inflation has a direct relation with the interest rates. If inflation increase, interest rates will rise too and since price goes inversely, it will fall. This would cause me to choose a higher RRR. This in turn, will cause the discount factor in the formula to increase, which would then cause the present value to decline. Thus, the prices I would charge currently will be lower that the previous case. D. If the inflation or interest rate rises in the market, it would cause me to choose a higher rate of return because of the increased risk. In other words, keeping the risk-free rate constant, my risk premium that I demand for a particular investment would rise. Since in this case, the goldmine is located in a third world country, my choice would be to charge a higher price in the wake of higher uncertainty regarding risk factors like inflation risk, interest rate risk etc. The right choice between the two bonds will correctly ... The right choice between the two bonds will correctly be based on bond ratings of the two companies issued by genuine credit rating agency. An authentic source would be ratings by Standard & Poor or Moody's. During the previous fiscal year, General Motors already declared a huge loss and much lower profits than previously projected. According to news, GM's bond rating was cut to junk status by S&P quite recently. This is a step taken keeping in view the highly unstable state of earning it has shown over the previous period. Moreover, S&P said clearly that GM is in a risky financial position for some time to come. The company has been losing market share to Asian rivals Toyota, Honda, Nissan and Hyundai, even as the overall number of new vehicles purchased each year in North America has hovered at record highs. Rising interest rates could keep the market from growing much more, the ratings agency said, and any reduction in demand would be a traumatic event for GM.1 On the other hand, Standard & Poor's Equity Research emphasized on a "strong buy" rating on Cisco Systems. The company also occupies a strong ranking among other forums like the Fortune 500. The decision here would be to pay a lower price for the bonds of General Motors than that of Cisco Systems. Even if Cisco Systems were not rated among the AAs, it would still be preferable because of the risk factors attached to General Motor's current status in the automobile industry and an uncertain future due to increased competition from Japanese manufacturers and particularly because of a highly low rated junk status assigned by S&P to its bonds. In other words, Cisco system bonds require a higher price to be paid today with a lower discount rate than GM. Work Cited GM, Ford Bond Ratings

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Strategy Management in Entrepreneurial Vs. Large Public Corporations Research Paper

Strategy Management in Entrepreneurial Vs. Large Public Corporations - Research Paper Example A market that is left entirely at the mercies of private investors becomes capitalist in nature with every single investor coming up with individualistic schemes to maximize profits. It is, therefore, prudent for governments to protect their citizens from the exploitative nature of the private investors; this is best accomplished through the introduction of public corporations. In the transport sector, the government manages major train transport system and sets the fare for travelers. Other investors who would get interested in the industry would thus set their fares around that set by the government because should they charge exorbitantly no client would seek their services. From the above study, the difference between these two is very clear: entrepreneurial ventures are set to fetch profits while public corporations seek to level the market. The entrepreneur must consequently put into considerations the above stated factors and at the same time consider the position of public cor porations. ... They must also be able to manipulate the market factors to ensure that they attract the highest number of customers that would enable them achieve just that. All that differs is the technique that both entities employ to maneuver these market factors. Techniques Entrepreneurial venture uses a combination of techniques to achieve maximum profit, the most common of these techniques and one that is most utilized is advertising. This is the easiest way of ensuring and enhancing brand visibility. Advertising is mainly aimed at creating publicity for the products and services that are offered by a given entity. This is normally accompanied by a brand positioning statement which in most cases is exaggerated. Some of the advertising avenues that are often used include television and radio. In modern times and following the invention of the internet and the onset of the social media, the limit and possibilities of advertising are endless. The adverts commonly run in the media are more attract ive and more expensive. They are also run in both the public and public media which makes them the more expensive. The entrepreneurial ventures also offer much more complimentary services and reliability. A transport company would offer more comfort, safety and security of the customer and their luggage. The entrepreneurs normally study the market effectively before setting up to undertake any investment in the sectors in which they are interested. In this study, major concentration is normally given to determining the faults of other players and then capitalizing on these faults to better their services thus boosting their trades. The public corporations also use certain techniques to ensure that they get the customers necessary to

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Week 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Week 5 - Essay Example In some cases however, there have been reported cases where terrorists form political parties, which makes it easy for them to manipulate people behind democratic symbols. Terrorists desired outcomes require them to use force in order to induce fear to anyone who does not agree with them. For instance, ISIL executed two American journalists, in order to warn the American Government about its activities in the Middle East (Steinsson, 2014). In other cases, the Alshabaab from Somalia have become a common threat to the Kenyan Government. In April, they attacked a university college in Garrisa town and murdered 148 students, with the aim of threatening the Kenyan government to withdraw its military forces in Somalia. Between 1960 and 1980, the Tupamaros used violence as a strategy to turn things around in Uruguay. In their strategy laid down by a Latin American Revolutionary Carlos Marighela, the terrorist organization used bombing and widespread killings to turn the government against its citizens. The government quickly reacted by infringing civil liberties, as a tactic to combat the attack and further threats (Kydd & Walter, 2006). However, the public ended up perceiving the government as an enemy and not the terrorist organization. Currently, the same strategy is being used in Peru by Shining Path and UlsterÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s PIRA, though on low scale. In most cases, use of violence in achieving their goals looks like the most viable method used by terrorist organizations. It does not matter whether they are aligned to a political party or a religious cult. Their motives come out clear through executions, kidnapping, inhuman acts, piracy, and propaganda. However, whoever accepts their demands suffers further losses because they take control when their rival submits to their terms. Steinsson Sverrir. (2014, Jun 22). Is Terrorism an Effective Way to Attain Political Goals? Retrieved Jun 7,

Monday, July 22, 2019

Recording, Analysing & Using HR Information Essay Example for Free

Recording, Analysing Using HR Information Essay This document will review the organisationÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s approach to collecting, storing and using HR data. It will cover why the organisation needs to collect HR data, the different types of data that is collected and how it is beneficial to HR, different storing methods and their benefit and UK legislation relating to the recording, storage and access to HR data. HR data contains highly sensitive information such as salary, pension information, grievances, and basic personnel information (name, address, and telephone details). A fine can be enforced up to ? 500. 000 in an organisation is found to have breached data protection. Data Management: There are many different reasons why an organisation needs to collect HR data from ensuring legal requirements are meet, to provide relevant information in decision making and planning, health and safety, protection from claims, working time directive. If used correctly it can serve as a very useful management tool. Holding recruitment new starter paperwork that contains a national insurance number and passport picture is essential to proving someone is eligible to work in the UK, without proof of eligibility the organisation can face a fine. Inductions record when an employee has been through the necessary requirements to do their role such as a health and safety course, and manual handling. This can protect the organisation if a claim was to rise with regards to injury or illness. If an employee raises a grievance as they have reached an unacceptable level of sickness. We can use the data held on our systems with regard to absences to prove when they have been in work and for how long, if we keep meeting notes we can also prove how we evaluated the situation and the action that was taken which can be used if it went to a tribunal, or if HR was looking at process management. The Inland Revenue can request data at any point from mileage, expenses, salary, national insurance, therefore it is essential we keep records such as P60, payslips, expense reports so this data can be crossed checked and proof that we have paid an employee correctly. Data Storage: From the moment an application is received to the moment an employee receives their P45 an organisation holds data. We call this the Ã¢â‚¬ËœLife Cycle of and Employee. Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ There are two methods in which we store data: Manual Records: This can be filing cabinets and folders held within storage cupboards. His is kept mainly as a backup should electronic systems fail or where original documents must be retained as a legal requirement such as a maternity MATB1 form. The benefits of this are the data is easily accessible and will not be prone to any electrical power failures or computerised scams which corrupt data. However there is the risk of keys being lost or data being seen by unauthorised personnel if it is not put away correctly. To prevent such occurrence a clear desk policy could be implemented. Systems: This can be excel spreadsheets that hold reports and link to other systems such as SAP, which is where we hold employee information such as address, salary, pension, hours worked, absences. The benefits of this method means you do not have to search numerous files as the data is held in one place, which is useful if an employee data request is received. As a sustainable organisation it benefits the environment as we donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t use paper. Documents are easily maintained and can be moved to different servers or USB devices for storage.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Evolution Of Central Banking In India Finance Essay

Evolution Of Central Banking In India Finance Essay The term paper discusses the role that the Reserve Bank of India has played in the Indian banking system. In the start it talks about the evolution of the bank and its preliminary functions. Then the role of the bank in the last two decades has been studied taking into account structural changes made by the bank so as to adapt to the changing needs of the banks in the dynamic economic environment. It can be observed that the role of the Central bank has changed from being a mere controller to an enabler where it is in a position to make the banking industry make significant contribution to the countrys economy. The paper also discusses the supervisory role of RBI where it is trying to implement the Risk Based method to supervise banks. The paper concludes with the future outlook on the banking industry and how the RBI should evolve further when compared to Central Banks in developed economies across the world. The Reserve Bank of India Evolution of Central Banking in India Reserve bank of India is central bank of India and regulates all the banks of the country. It all started in late 18th century when first time in the history of India Warren Hastings felt that there is need of centralized bank in India. His recommendation didnt reach at a thoughtful conclusion of creating a central body to regulate the banking in India. Later when demand of central bank increased in the 20th century and Lord Keynes also recommended setting up a central bank. Three Presidency banks Presidency bank of Bengal, Presidency bank of Bombay and Presidency bank of Madras merged to form Imperial bank of India to make central bank of India. A bill was brought in the assembly to establish RBI as central bank in in India in 1927 but got refused. In the third round table conference held in the year 1933, it was recommended to set up a free body to control the banking system in India. Due to all these fresh recommendations a fresh bill tabled in the parliament on 22 December 1933 a nd got passed in year 1934. Reserve bank started its function from April 1 1935 under the Reserve bank of India Act 1934. Evolution of Role and Functions Role of RBI is evolved over the period of time. In the initial stages it performed two basic functions. First, it acted as a central point of reserves for Indian banks and timely lend to the banks as they required funds for the operations in the emergency case. Second, it functioned as a regulator for the Indian banks and made sure that they perform their activities in the interest of the depositors. In the years before the independence, banking network and scenario in India was not spread properly all over the country. They were divided in the foreign banks and domestic banks. Foreign banks mostly served to the British companies in India. Domestic banks were only engaged with domestic groups and overall banking intermediation among the banks and the customers was weak. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) or the Central Bank is the backbone of the Indian financial system. It was set up under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. RBI was initially started with 5 crores of capital and governed by directors of central bank. Since its inception in the year 1935, the functions undertaken by the bank have not only increased but have also undergone changes in accordance with the changing needs of the Indian economy. It was in the year 1949 that the bank was nationalized. The role and functions of RBI became critical after independence and worked in order to increase the saving habit in India to generate more wealth for growth of the country. More the people will save and more will be the investment in the projects. Its roles were primarily on the basis of this hypothesis that the poor were unable to save and increase funds on their own. RBI was assisting government to establish institutions to serve the public by providing funds for specific functions. After second five year plan in 1956 government of India came up with decision of establishing financial institutions with assistance of RBI. These institutions were Industrial development bank of India (IDBI), Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI), Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI). They will make credit available and perform their functions at central level and work as apex institutions for such state level and regional institutions. The role of RBI became concentrated after the establishment of these institutions. The Functions of RBI evolved with expansion of banking. RBI played a vital role to make the banking facilities available in the concerned areas. Banking reached to remote areas of the country. SBI was formed in 1955. Imperial bank of India was converted in State bank of India in the year 1955. Then came the period of very critical moves of the Indian banking history when 14 banks were nationalized in 1969 and in 1980 when 6 more banks were nationalized. These bold moves led to the increased network in the rural areas of the country where most of the population was based. The traditional credit was for agriculture and a specialized institution being established in 1963 with name of Agriculture Finance Corporation (AFC) which later converted into NABARD in 1982. The role of RBI expanded after these institutions as these institutions helped the country to evolve with better banking facilities. Functions of Reserve Bank of India These are some basic roles which RBI performs in the country: Issue currency notes: RBI is only authorized government body to issue notes in the country. It has one issuing department to issue notes of 2,5,10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000. One rupee note is issued by the finance ministry of central government. Bank of the Government: RBI is known as the banker or Agent of central government. It holds deposit of the government and pays on the demand of government. It also gives timely advice to the government on the financial policies. RBI issues bonds for the government and manages debt for them with appropriate charges. Bank of the banks: RBI also performs the job of banker for the all the banks in India. All banks who came under RBI act, have to put their cash reserves at the rate called CRR with RBI. RBI will regulate and supervise the operations of banks as soon as they are incorporated under the RBI Act. Banking System Regulator: RBI is responsible for the regulation of Indian banking system. All banks who comes under RBI Act 1949 are bound follow the guidelines issued by RBI. RBI has powers of licensing, management, expansion, inspection and direction in this regard. Clearing House: RBI is responsible for the settlements among the banks. It runs clearing houses in major cities to for the settlements and smooth transaction of cash between banks. Credit Control: Credit Control is another important role that RBI performs. RBI performs credit control duty with the help of qualitative and quantitative instruments. Some qualitative measures are selective credit control, rationing of credit, moral persuasion and direct action. Bank Rate, Cash Reserve Ratio, Statutory Liquidity Ratio, Repo Reverse Repo and Open Market Operations are quantitative instruments to control credit. THE ROLE OF THE BANK POST 1990: In the early 1990s, the country was faced with the crisis of maintaining its diminishing foreign exchange reserves. There was a need to put in place a new economic framework and policies so as to deal with this situation. This period saw the introduction of economic reforms which made the environment more conducive for the functioning of the private sector. During this period it was the Reserve Bank of India which was entrusted with the task of regulating the new system that was put in place, bringing in technology to strengthen, modernize and make the functioning of banks more efficient, introducing varied monetary policy instruments and management of currency. As of today, keeping in line with the changes that need to be incorporated in the functioning of the Central Bank, the bank is divided into 27 departments where each department is responsible for policy making in a particular area assigned to it. Depending on the requirement the bank has in the past added new departments and closed down some of the existing departments. The Central Board has the responsibility of the proper functioning of the Central Bank. The aim of the Central Bank is to ensure stability of prices while supporting economic growth. The role of the central Bank has evolved over the years from being the implementer of the monetary policy to include other functions such as regulation and supervision of the countrys banking system. Moreover it has also gained greater autonomy in its functioning with regards to managing its own personnel, financing expenditure for the government where the RBI (rather than the government) can decide the amount of funding provided to the government, this further means that the monetary policy can be implemented independently of the fiscal policy and the new instruments introduced by RBI give it more flexibility so to better respond to changing macroeconomic environment. Post 1990, various changes have been made by the bank in its structure and operations to deal with the responsibilities thrust on it. In the year 1994 the Board for Financial Supervision was formed and was given that task of regulating, auditing and supervising banks, NBFCs, and financial institutions. Although the body exists under the RBI it is independent in its functioning which is not the case for many Central Banks across the world. In the year 1995, Bhartiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited was formed as a subsidiary of RBI. The reason for its formation was the management of the banks two printing presses so as to handle the supply of currency in the economy when needed. The Financial Markets Committee (FMC) has been established in the year 1997 and is responsible for providing inputs on a daily basis with regards to the same. The Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) has been formed in July 2005 where its role is to advise the bank on the actions that it should take whil e reviewing the monetary policy. Also introduced in the second half of 2005 were the pre consultation meetings and resource management discussions (conducted every year) where apart from the Indian Banks Association, representatives from other banking and financial institutions are also present so as to give their opinions and views regarding which direction the economy is headed before the monetary policy review. Such interactions will make the policy review inclusive and transparent. Another area of change in the recent past is more interaction by the bank with the journalists and the media resulting in better dissemination of information. NEW MONETARY POLICY INSTRUMENTS INTRODUCED AFTER 1990: Apart from the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR), the bank in the last decade has introduced other instruments such as Open Market Operations (OMO) and Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) to manage short term liquidity requirements for banks, also introduced in 2004 was the Market Stabilization Scheme (MSS) for managing excess liquidity because of inflow of capital into the country from abroad. The portfolio of monetary policy tools that the bank has, gives it the required flexibility to deal with the changing macroeconomic conditions and make monetary policy transmission more efficient and effective. To protect the monetary policy from being impacted by the fiscal policy (fiscal deficit monetization), the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act was passed in the year 2003, this has given more autonomy and control to the bank with respect to the monetary policy. The bank has also given its view with regards to inflation where according to it the upper limit on the inflation should be around 5 %. This has influenced the acceptable level of inflation to come down. The RBI has had the freedom to make changes with respect to the mandatory provisions that banks have to make (such as CRR and SLR which are direct monetary policy tools) and the assignment of risk weights as and when needed. EVOLVING SUPERVISORY ROLE: There has been a gradual shift in the supervisory and regulatory roles that RBI had been assigned. Initially the Central bank was mainly concerned with maintaining solvency of banks operating in the system where it issued directives and guidelines with regards to granting of licenses, the level of reserves to be maintained, specifying interest rates for lending and deposits, requirement of capital. Whereas now the RBI is trying to put in place processes which take into account the countrys economic condition and are in line with those followed by Central banks across the world. The Central Bank has successfully handled the role of a supervisor for the changing Indian banking industry. Earlier Central Bank was more concerned with ensuring that the banks in the system were adhering to the all the safeguards laid down by it. The approach used gave more importance to a banks financial statements and checking for any incidence of non compliance (offsite, onsite inspections, CAMELS method). Under this approach the information that could be obtained from the banks financial statements was used as the criterion by the auditors to form any judgment about the bank. This approach had been sufficient in the recent past when the banks in the system had limited their business to lending out and getting deposits. However post 2000; the banking industry has seen the arrival of technology and the introduction of extremely complex financial instruments or products (for instance Securitization, Derivatives) which have linkages across different markets. This has made the supe rvisory role of the bank even tougher. With the complexity and the risk in the banking system increasing the earlier method of supervising the banks is no longer sufficient. It fails to take an overall view of the banks business. It does not look at how much risk the bank is facing, whether it is able to understand it and is in a position to manage it. Thus the Central bank is now focusing on the Risk Based method for supervising banks. This is still an ongoing process. Through this method the level of risk associated with a particular bank can be estimated and a specific supervisory plan can be developed for the bank. The following diagram shows the steps involved in risk based assessment. SUPERVISION CYCLE: Understanding the bank profile and developing a Risk Matrix based on inputs from offsite monitoring and surveillance, internal capital adequacy assessment, audit reports, market intelligence Planning the supervisory action to be taken, defining its scope and objective and communicating it to the management of the bank Discussion with management, Monitoring action plan, mitigation of risk, required level of supervision Surveillance Review and Evaluation Process, Assessment of Capital, onsite inspection and determining the risk rating The Risk Assessment Matrix combined with the Risk Impact Rating gives the level of supervision needed for the bank. The Risk Assessment Matrix is as given below: Risk Group Weights Risk (Net) 85% Risk(OG) 15% Risk (inherent) Risk (control) Risk associated with governance and oversight Credit Risk (CR) 30% 70% 30% Market Risk (MR) 20% 70% 30% Operational Risk (OR) 20% 70% 30% Liquidity Risk (LR) 20% 70% 30% Pillar 2 Risk (P2) 10% 70% 30% Now for any group say Credit Risk Risk Credit = 0.7 * Risk Inherent +0.3* Risk Control Similarly it can be calculated for all other groups. Now the Risk (Net) = 0.85*(0.3* Risk Credit + 0.2* Risk Market + 0.2 * Risk Operations +0.2 * Risk Liquidity + 0.1 * Risk Pillar2) + 0.15 * Risk OG Risk of Failure = 0.2*(Risk (Net)^2 + Capital available) The risk of failure is arranged on a linear scale from 0 to 4. The score obtained above is then combined with the Impact Rating (again arranged on a scale from 0 to 4) to get the necessary supervisory action to be taken for the bank. The impact rating is dependent on the following factors: Size Interconnectedness Cross Jurisdictional activities Complexity Infrastructure Each factor is again assigned a weight and is further dependent on impact indicators. Risk Impact Index Matrix Risk Failure Impact Rating 16 64 144 256 9 36 81 144 4 16 36 64 1 4 9 16 Risk Impact Index = (Risk Failure)^2*(Impact Rating)^2 For the matrix shown above in column 1 Risk Failure = 1 and Risk Impact varies between 1 to 4, similarly in column 2 Risk Failure = 2 and Risk Impact again varies between 1 to 4. Each bank will lie in one of the boxes and the different colors indicate the type of supervision needed for a particular bank. The type of supervision recommended by the Central Bank is as follows: Color Supervision Needed Baseline Monitoring Close Monitoring Active Oversight Corrective Action The level of monitoring becomes more stringent as we move down the above table. For banks with high risk of failure (say 4) the action is stringent irrespective of the impact rating. Future Outlook Comparison of RBI with other central banks of the world On comparing RBI with other central banks of the world, we see that each bank adopts different tools despite having similar objectives. The difference in the same can be seen in the structure of the balance sheet of the respective countries. Some of the salient features of major world banks are: FED In USA, the central bank controls the fund rates through Open Market Operations or OMO by infusing or absorbing liquidity through the purchase or selling of US treasuries. Other tools used are Discount rate facility and Reserve requirements which help control the banks. FED also introduced certain new tools such as term deposit facility, primary dealer credit facility etc. after the 2008 crisis where poor regulations were attributed to the market crash. USA is thus follows an active market based system. ECB ECB on the other hand follows more of a bank based approach. Though ECB also adopts OMO, it follows a different approach where it produces money and lends it to banks similar to a repo transaction where the preferred collateral is government bonds. This difference can also be attributed to the history of the nation with USA traditionally being a supporter of open market. Hence during the crisis, the FED responded by providing liquidity to entities such as Mutual funds, Primary dealers etc. while ECB s approach was centered on the various central banks. Comparison with RBI On comparison of the above banks with RBI, we clearly see certain similarities as well as differences. India being a developing nation does not hold the power of developed nations and hence RBI uses both Repo transactions as well as OMO purchases to control the financial system of the nation. India predominantly follows a bank based system where the RBI controls the banks and lays down guidelines for its operation. This has helped put in place a strong foundation for the growth of the nation but looking forward with the development of financial markets in India, the RBI would need to ease down regulations in order to help the nation progress. Currently the banking industry in India is unattractive for players to enter due to stiff competition as well as guidelines from the RBI. The comparison of the balance sheet of RBI with other central banks revealed some interesting insights. For the analysis, we compare RBIs balance sheet with balance sheets of central banks of both developed and developing nations. The banks we have taken into consideration are the USAs Federal Reserve, European Central Bank, Swiss National Bank (SNB) and Brazils Banco Central Do Brazil (BCB). For Europe, balance sheet of ECB and 17 other national banks have been combined to give a better idea. This has been named as ESCB or European System of Central Banks. From the diagram we see that central banks of developed economies rely more on bank reserves for creating liquidity (Bank Reserves 2% to 53% in 2011 for Fed). The share in currency during the period has decreased. For RBI we see that there has been no major change during the years. Analysis of the graph above shows that for developed economies, domestic assets form the largest share of assets while for India the share of domestic assets has increased over the years. From the above analysis, we see how having good regulations helped India ride out the 2008 crisis without any major loses while we see significant changes for developed nations. India is thus heading in the right direction in terms of how the central bank is molding itself to propel Indias growth in the future. Bond Market in India The corporate bond market in India is currently underdeveloped with high financing costs acting as a hindrance for firms to raise money through this avenue. On analyzing the financing polices of firms from 2000-01 to 2010-11 we see that of the total debt raised by companies the proportion of debt raised from banks has increased from 14% to 18% while the debt from bond markets has stagnated and rose only marginally from 3.5% to 3.9%. Even though the corporate bond market in India is underdeveloped at the moment, it is clear that in order for India to be a developed nation bonds markets have to be come up in order to ease the capital pressure on the banks. In this context the role of RBI going forward will change. Currently we see that there is lag whenever RBI announces a policy since banks take time in responding to directives like say a cut in interest rate while an active bond market will ensure such lag is eliminated. A cut in interest rate by the RBI will increase the bind prices in the market and thus help in faster policy implementation. ROAD AHEAD From the above analysis we see how the role of RBI has changed over the years and how it fares in comparison to other central banks of the world. The measures taken by the RBI has ensured we have a strong financial foundation which has helped propelled the growth of the nation. Going forward, with the development of financial markets (strong equity market and inevitable development of bond market) RBI should change its role to attract investors and bring in more capital to help fuel the growth of India. RBI thus needs to ease regulation in a way which would make banking attractive and promote the good institutions in the system but at the same time learn from the mistakes committed by developed nations in ensuring we have strong regulations which help prevent potential crisis. The RBI can thus ensure that the late entry of India can thus work in its favor in ensuring that the banking industry keeps pace with the growth of the nation and helps India become a developed nation in the near future.

Japanese religion and influence on culture

Japanese religion and influence on culture Japanese Religion and the Influence on Culture Throughout the world, religion is perceived as a governing idea within many different cultures. Religion has a way of representing a certain way of life, providing a basis for faith to live by, and brings a sense of belonging to many cultures in our world. For different cultures and within many countries religion varies according to demographics. The key concepts of religion within the Japanese culture are natural and superstitious based. The leading religion in Japan remains Shinto, while other religions have come and go, interweaving themselves among the Japanese society. For any Japanese person who may practice Shinto, another religion that may dually be practiced is Buddhism. Are these religions common to one another in theory? Do they serve the same purposes? And what other religions claim a popular following in Japan? While Buddhism was brought over to Japan via China and Korea in the 6th century, Shinto seems to have always resided in Japan (Japan-Guide.com, 2007). The religion of Shinto is still today very mysterious because in some areas there is still no certain knowledge in the course of the centuries many Japanese have written extensively on Shinto but these are largely expressions of their individual points of view. Except for the relatively short three-quarters of a century of regimentation after the Meiji Restoration when there was an artificial, government-created authoritative interpretation of Shinto, there has not been any large body of interpretation that is generally accepted (Ono, Sokyo ix). Buddhism was founded by the teachings of Guatama Siddhartha who was born around 6th century B.C. in Nepal. The spread of Buddhism took many centuries, and didnt reach Japan until 6th century A.C. (Buddhanet). Although there are many sects of Buddhism, the main teachings are universal in The Four Noble Truths. These teachings from Siddhartha himself lay the foundation of Buddhism itself. The first Nobel truth; Life means suffering. To live means to suffer, because the human nature is not perfect and neither is the world we live in. During our lifetime, we inevitably have to endure physical suffering such as pain, sickness, injury, tiredness, old age, and eventually death. (The Big View). The second Noble Truth;the origin of suffering is attachment to worldly desires. The origin of suffering is attachment to transient things and the ignorance thereof The reasons for suffering are desire, passion, ardour, pursue of wealth, prestige, striving for fame and popularity (The Big View). The third Nobel Truth is the cessation of suffering is attainable. Extinguishing all forms of clinging and attachment Suffering can be overcome through human activity simply by removing the cause of suffering (The Big View). The Fourth Noble Truth is to follow the Eightfold Path. A gradual self-improvement by following the way between the two extremes of excessive self-indulgence and excessive self-mortification(The Big View). Although the Four Nobel Truths are great concepts of Buddhism there are many other aspects that make up Buddhism. Daily practice of meditation helps develop ones sense of awareness, to grow, and develops compassion and loving kindness (Buddhanet). Following the laws of Karma and following right speech are also integral to Buddhism. In the religion of Shinto, which was founded as Japans state religion in the Meiji Period, there is no absolute right or wrong and humans are seen as fundamentally good (buddhanet). The purpose of rituals in the Shinto religion are to cast away evil spirits by means of purification, prayers and offerings. The Way of the Gods or Kami is the literal translation of Shinto. Unlike Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, Shinto has neither a founder, such as Guatama the Enlightened One, Jesus the Messiah or Mohammed the Prophet; nor does it have sacred scriptures, such as the sutras of Buddhism, the Bible or the Koran (Ono Sokyo 3). Shinto appears very little in history, as there is no significant teachings or information surrounding the ideas. Shinto is more than just a religious faith; it is a collection of ideas, attitudes on ways of doing things and through history has become an integral part of the way of the Japanese people (Ono, Sokyo, 3). The kami-concept today includes the idea of justice, order, and divine favor (blessing), and implies the basic principle that the kami function harmoniously in cooperation with one another and rejoice in the evidence of harmony and cooperation in this world (Ono Sokyo, 7). This concept is basically the same as it was in ancient Japan, only few things have changed in regards to theory on Shinto. The kami of the Shinto religion serve different purposes for the Japanese. Their culture revolves around kami who protect different things such as places, processes and natural orders. The Shinto gods can take many different forms, such as mountains, trees, rocks, wind, and rain. When a human dies they become ancestral kami and are worshipped as such (Japan-Guide). This idea of kami is very different in contrast to Buddhism , where they do not believe in kami, but in a force that which is made up of all living things and holds the universe together (leaderu). This difference between Buddhism and Shinto may be the key to why they are so easily practiced together. There is no fundamental conflict between each religions kami, and there is no need to favor one over the other. The practice of Buddhism is earthly compassion while the practice of Shinto is otherworldly compassion. There are different types of Shinto, just as in Buddhism, that the Japanese follow. There is popular Shinto practice in everyday life of kami-worship, and Domestic Shinto referring to home practice, and shrine Shinto is the oldest and most prevalent type (Ono, Sokyo, 12). Shinto does no appear to have branches or sects of difference among its worshippers, and the ideas across Japan are fundamentally the same. In Buddhism each branch may have many different sects of practice. Theravada Buddhism, which teaches the psychological understanding of human nature and emphasis a meditative approach on transformation of consciousness (Buddhanet). The Mahayana, another sect of Buddhism, teaches a variety of practices such as yoga. This sect of Buddhism branches out into many different lineages such as Pure Land, Avatamska and Tien Tai. Elements of Worpship for Shinto are performed at srhines, and involve four different elements. It is a distinctive feature of Shinto that kami-worship is expressed not only from the depth of ones heat but in a concrete act of religious ritual (Ono, Sokyo, 51). The four elements of Shinto worship include purification, offerings, prayer and a symbolic feast. Purification is very essential to Shinto and the idea of pollution is vitally important. Removing pollution from oneself helps rid evil and unrighteousness, which could thwart ones communication with kami. Rinsing the mouth and fingers with clear water will purify a worshiper. Offerings are necessary to keep the kami happy daily. In shrines of great importance offerings may be very elaborate, while simple ones may be of salt, rice or water (Ono Sokyo, 53). Prayers are typically read or recited at shrines in classical Japanese. These prayers are opened with words of praise for kami, making reference to the kami in which they are praying to. These prayers are ended with final words of respect and awe to the kami (Ono, sokyo, 54). The sacred feast is held at the end of any Shinto ceremony in which you eat together with the kami. While Shinto and Buddhism seem blatantly different in their day-to-day functions, operating together they appear to make perfect sense. Japans idea of dually practiced religion is called syncretism. While Shinto is the main religion practiced for any wedding ceremony, Buddhist rituals are practiced at funerals because death in Shitno religion is considered pollution. These two dominant religions in Japan are clearly the oldest forms of religion, however there are new religions that are also claiming a popular following. These new religions often cited as Folk Religion have never faced the kind of dilemma of secularization which has been experienced by Buddhism or Christianity. Folk Religion always preserves the strong enduring power which perseveres in he lower structure of society and religious institutions ( Hori, Ichiro, 18) Folk religion therefore has a strong social significance. The idea and concept of religion rose out of the cyclical concept of agriculture, in which everything has a natural order of germination, growth and maturity (Hori, Ichiro, 20). Farm and agricultural work is regarded as sacred in itself to the Japanese people and rituals are often observed before seeding and after harvesting. These among other rituals done for protection and security make folk religion a part of Japanese culture. There are two distinct types of folk religion in Japan. The first is considered as the guardian shrine systems, known as the uji-gami. This was based on a particular family or clan system in which each family has its own shrine as a central symbol of harmony, devoted to ancestral spirit who was enshrined and worshiped. The main function of uji-gami is to assimilate all the family members into a patriarchal hierarchy in which the familys respectable name is preserved for generations to come. The second type of system in folk religion is known as the man-god system, also called hito-gami. This system is based on a close relationship of an individual god with a shaman. Older Japanese cultures or villages were once ruled by an individual shaman or medicine man (Hori, Ichiro, 31) This type of system gave the leader the power to transmit ideas to their kami thus making the leader a utility of divine power. Beliefs and superstitions are present at the core of each folk religion. There are five types of superstitious groups; beliefs and magic concerning omens, beliefs in divination, fragmentary customs concerning taboo, black magic, and prayers with magical elements. Although these topics may be viewed as superstitious, it is not from an objective point of view as many religions around the world practice what one might call superstitions. These rituals or acts of superstition do enter the daily life of the Japanese and may even regulate the conduct of a great number of persons (Hori, Ichiro, 46). Although the religions of Shinto, Buddhism and new religions seem different in many aspects, there are common themes and theories among them. This being said, it is also observed that many different religions around the world share a number of commonalities. Shinto and Buddhism define a lot of cultural morals and values that the Japanese use in conduct everyday. New Religions also are seen to permeate into the daily lives of Japanese. These religions practiced together make Japan the diverse but unified country that it is today. Bibliography Buddhism. 2007. japan-Guide.com. 09 Apr. 2007 . Buddhanet. Buddhanet. 2007. 09 Apr. 2007 . Hori, Ichiro. Folk Religion in Japan. Chicago: University of Chicago P, 1968. Ono, Sokyo. Shinto: the Kami Way. Ruthland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Co., Inc, 1969. The Four Noble Truths. The Big View. 13 Dec. 2006. 09 Mar. 2007 www.thebigview.com

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal Essay -- A Modest Proposal

In Jonathan SwiftÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s essay, Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Modest ProposalÃ¢â‚¬ , Swift proposes that the poor should eat their own starving children during a great a famine in Ireland. What would draw Swift into writing to such lengths? When times get hard in Ireland, Swift states that the children would make great meals. The key factor to SwiftÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s essay that the reader must see that Swift is not literally ordering the poor to cannibalize. Swift acknowledges the fact of the scarcity of food and empathizes with the struggling and famished souls of Ireland through the strange essay. Being of high society Britain, which at the time mothered Ireland, Swift utilizes his work to satirically place much of the blame on England itself. Through his brilliant stating of the fact that the children cost money as well as aid in the drought of food and necessities the reader can get an idea of the suffering on going in Ireland; this brings the reader to see that instead of keeping the children their parent s should either eat them or sell them on an open market. By wasting the scarce food in Ireland, the people are killing themselves; thus the children can be consumed saving food and at the same time making food. It is interesting to see how well Swift conveys his view towards the poor in this odd manor. Swift sees how the poor are treated by the affluent who may think that the impoverished are the reason for IrelandÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s food problems. In fact, the entire essay is nothing more than sarcastic piece that deeply imbeds the blame upon the rich who he feels might have just as much or even more blame on IrelandÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s food problems than the poor ever have. Swift intelligently uses his common sense logic in a strange way to convey his feelings about this predicament. Swift goes to great lengths to intelligently show these feelings. The ways at which Swift camouflages his ideas and thoughts throughout this essay brought many readers at the time to think that he actually wanted Ireland to revert to eating their children. His employment of such literary elements of irony, mix cynicism, and pure contextual reaction from the reader help to map the entire essay. Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Thoughout the work, Swift persistently relies upon the use of irony. It is quite apparent that no rational human being would bring themselves to eating the flesh of another, which also adds to the irony of the story. Another interesting point of reflection is ... ...rity. It is his lack of expectations towards a good outcome that exalts the tone of SwiftÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s paper to a higher level. Swift knows that the depression and bleakness of the period will take time in getting better. To the poor it will seem like an eternity; thus, giving Swift a reason to write the way in which he does. Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Throughout his writings, Jonathon Swift has used many different voices to explicate his views on the melancholy time period in which he lived. He uses a totally inverse route in writing his works. Swift brings to light many aspects of his culture such as greed, poverty, and ignorance. Other writers of the period would probably not even touch such aspects. Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Modest ProposalÃ¢â‚¬ is a prime example of every interesting degree of SwiftÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s writing abilities. Ingeniously, the essay is a collection of these abilities. In conclusion to the story, the reader can scrutinize each sentence to find a different meaning or interpretation. Clearly, this essay is and should be treated as a work of fiction and nothing more. Though it is nothing more than a fictional work it should be taken into account that the essay carries a deeper meaning to which every reader can find difference.

Friday, July 19, 2019

A Look at Todays Whaling Essay -- Fishing Ocean Papers

A Look at Today's Whaling Ã¢â‚¬Å" The story of the whale is so remarkable, that were there not so many witnesses, I would not venture to tell it, lest I be accused of exaggeration.Ã¢â‚¬ -J.D.B Stillman, aboard the ship Plymouth, November 1850 (Stewart, 1995) There is no doubt that humans have always been intrigued with the majestic beauty of the large giants found in all of the worldÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s oceans. Whales and people have had a long history together, marked by many turns of events. Long ago, native tribes, from many places in the world, depended largely on whales for protein in their diets. They were also able to use much of the whale for oil, thus began a tradition of whaling. The first documented whaling expedition occurred in South Korea around 6000 BC (Bryant, 2000). Whaling began with smaller whales, since humans had only small boats and weapons, such as spears. However, as humans developed larger, more powerful weapons and built bigger boats, they also attained the ability to hunt larger whales. At this time, whaling became an industry, rather than a method of obtaining nutrition and oil when needed. As the whaling industry gained popularity the whale populations began to decline. Whalers moved from one species to another as their numbers decreased to a population size that was no longer economical to hunt. This strain on the whale populations was the heaviest with the creation of whole whaling fleets. It is apparent, that although whaling has important economic value, providing oil and meat, it also has a devastating affect on the whale populations that are targeted. Conservation and sustainability of whale populations has been ignored for a long period of time, leading to possible extinction for many species. Whaling ... ...eo retrieved November 20, 2004, from the following website: http://www.orcaconservancy.org/captivity Horvath, Beth. Gray whales. Lecture given on July 27, 2004 during a Marine Mammals class through AuSable Institute. International Whaling Commission (2004). Aboriginal subsistence whaling. Retrieved November 20, 2004, from the following website: http://www.iwcoffice.org/conservation/aboriginal.htm Marine mammal protection act of 1972. Retrieved October 3, 2004, from the following website: http://laws.fws.gov/lawsdigest/marmam.html Melville, Herman (1952). Moby-Dick. New York, NY: Hendricks House, Inc. Misaki, Shigeko (2000). Media wars on whales and whaling. Retrieved November 21, 2004, from the following website: http://luna.pos.to/whale/gen_mis_media.html Stewart, Frank (1995). The presence of whales. Seattle, WA: Alaska Northwest Books. A Look at Today's Whaling Essay -- Fishing Ocean Papers A Look at Today's Whaling Ã¢â‚¬Å" The story of the whale is so remarkable, that were there not so many witnesses, I would not venture to tell it, lest I be accused of exaggeration.Ã¢â‚¬ -J.D.B Stillman, aboard the ship Plymouth, November 1850 (Stewart, 1995) There is no doubt that humans have always been intrigued with the majestic beauty of the large giants found in all of the worldÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s oceans. Whales and people have had a long history together, marked by many turns of events. Long ago, native tribes, from many places in the world, depended largely on whales for protein in their diets. They were also able to use much of the whale for oil, thus began a tradition of whaling. The first documented whaling expedition occurred in South Korea around 6000 BC (Bryant, 2000). Whaling began with smaller whales, since humans had only small boats and weapons, such as spears. However, as humans developed larger, more powerful weapons and built bigger boats, they also attained the ability to hunt larger whales. At this time, whaling became an industry, rather than a method of obtaining nutrition and oil when needed. As the whaling industry gained popularity the whale populations began to decline. Whalers moved from one species to another as their numbers decreased to a population size that was no longer economical to hunt. This strain on the whale populations was the heaviest with the creation of whole whaling fleets. It is apparent, that although whaling has important economic value, providing oil and meat, it also has a devastating affect on the whale populations that are targeted. Conservation and sustainability of whale populations has been ignored for a long period of time, leading to possible extinction for many species. Whaling ... ...eo retrieved November 20, 2004, from the following website: http://www.orcaconservancy.org/captivity Horvath, Beth. Gray whales. Lecture given on July 27, 2004 during a Marine Mammals class through AuSable Institute. International Whaling Commission (2004). Aboriginal subsistence whaling. Retrieved November 20, 2004, from the following website: http://www.iwcoffice.org/conservation/aboriginal.htm Marine mammal protection act of 1972. Retrieved October 3, 2004, from the following website: http://laws.fws.gov/lawsdigest/marmam.html Melville, Herman (1952). Moby-Dick. New York, NY: Hendricks House, Inc. Misaki, Shigeko (2000). Media wars on whales and whaling. Retrieved November 21, 2004, from the following website: http://luna.pos.to/whale/gen_mis_media.html Stewart, Frank (1995). The presence of whales. Seattle, WA: Alaska Northwest Books.

Technology in Transportation Essay -- Computers Machines Papers

Technology in Transportation Throughout history, getting things (and people) where they need to go has been a pretty basic need. The Romans needed to move stone to build their aqueducts; the nobles wanted luxury spices and silks brought to them from far off lands; ancient cities needed to move vegetables and grains from the farms, to storage, and then to the cities to feed the populace. Transportation has always been one of the backbones of every great civilization, without the ability to move goods long distances, your 'culture' was only the distance you could go conveniently to get what was necessary for survival that you could not produce. The industry boomed during the railroading system and hasn't slowed since. First, there were ships and horse-drawn carriages, then cars, now huge 40 ton trucks and jumbo air-liners. In today's changing business environment, information technology plays an incredibly important role in almost every aspect of the day to day life of almost every industry. The transportation industry is, of course, no different. From the transport of goods from manufacture, to warehousing, to retail, to end-user, the industry relies on information technology to get things done. The transportation of people is the exact same; incredibly important to get done yet impossible without the impact of information technology. Technology in Moving People The transportation industry (airline, railway, bus transit, automobile rental agencies) has undergone enormous changes in the way its customers purchase tickets and place reservations. The continuing popularity in e-commerce combined with the widespread increase in the number of people with internet access has caused an explosion in the number of... ...t an amazing 10% per quarter. An example trend that is quickly developing in the freight cargo industry is the leasing of freight aircrafts to different airlines. The aircraft, crew, insurance and maintenance is included in the leasing. Works Cited http://www.aaafoundation.org. revised 15 March 2004. American Automobile Association. accessed 15 March 2004. http://www.airbus.com. revised 2004. Airbus Corporation. accessed 13 March 2004. http://www.e-travel.com. revised 2004. Amadaeus Global Travel Distribution. accessed 14 March 2004. http://www.msn.com. revised 2004. Microsoft Corporation. accessed 15 March 2004. http://www.redprairie.com/Knowledge/whitepapers.asp#WMCSchapt. revised 2004. Superior Logistix Results, Inc. accessed 16 March 2004. http://www.trucker.com revised 2004. Primedia Business Magazines and Media. Accessed 14 March 2004

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Case: “Lessons on Leadership from Ann Fudge”

Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Openness to Experience: The way she approaches problems, learns new information, and reacts to new experiences are showing that she is open to new experiences and curious. For example, she willingly took 2 years off to travel and see the worldÃ¢â‚¬â€try new thingsÃ¢â‚¬â€and define her life by more than her career (Hughes, Ginnett & Curphy, 2012, p. 233). She exposed herself to new cultures and ideas. She is very strategic and has her eye on the big-picture which indicates her high level of openness to experience. Agreeableness: How does she get along with others, as opposed to getting ahead of others?Again, it is likely she would score high on this factor. She is about being out with people (customers and employees) and listening to them. She has the ability to interact effectively with all constituencies of a consumer business. She could engage all three constituents in the same day. She is approachable and optimistic. Extraversion: Fudge is self-confident, competitive, li kes being around people (and in a team environment), decisive, goal-oriented, and drives to make an impact. Neuroticism: How does she react to stress, failure, and personal criticism? Moderate to high on this factor.As her old boss pointed out, she is very comfortable with who she is and is not interested in pretending to be someone else (Hughes, Ginnett & Curphy, 2012, p. 233). This indicates she can handle the personal criticism and deal with it. However, the fact that she decided to take some time off and do other things might show she was not dealing with the stress and pressure well. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Analytic Intelligence: Although not as important in this case, her track record for high levels of success and performance indicates she likely has a high degree of general mental ability.Practical Intelligence: Also known as Ã¢â‚¬Å"street smarts,Ã¢â‚¬ has been important in her new job. She has used her knowledge of the business and industry to land some very big new clients to the firm ( i. e. , Microsoft, Toys R Us). Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Benefits: It allowed her to gain new and broader experiences. Perhaps, even it helped increasing her commitment to various and diverse ideas as a way to stimulate thinking and business. She was also true to herself about what she wanted to do to define her life. In addition, it also provided her with a chance to take a break and recharge her battery (and avoid urnout)Ã¢â‚¬â€in the end this has the chance to make her more of an asset to her organization and employees. Drawbacks: Leaving the industry for 2 years could result in losing contact with the industry as well as updating the current trends. It might hurt her credibility in the sense that others thought she could not Ã¢â‚¬Å"hack itÃ¢â‚¬ when things were getting tough. The perceptions others have might be an initial hurdle, but Fudge appears to have cleared this and other potential drawbacks and is leading Y&R back to the top in this industry.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Project Manager Letter Essay

(your company) lead be holding a two- twenty-four second periodlight flush camp in San Diego, atomic number 20 and Orlando, Florida on sumptuous 24 and 25, 2012. some(prenominal) boot camps take place in the hotels we bequeathing be staying at to profit things easier. Two teams of project developers from (your company) provide dot up this years highly educational instructional events. separately day pull up stakes consist of approximately 5 hours of culture and a question and practise period. Breakfast, lunch and dinner lead be catered so that we can concentrate on teach and every last(predicate)ow every wholeness some clock time to talk with our growing teams. The first base training day of boot camp exit commission on the new conformism policies being introduced and address the new outline syllabus and user interface. The second day result concentrate on coordinate Query Language (SQL) which pass on be utilize to maintain and retrieve cultivation fro m the data prove. Online instructional clearinars will also be available from our team during the week of August 20-24, 2012 in two hour segments for pentad days that week.There will be homework assigned in these courses which you will be expected to complete in order to build a base of experienceing. We prefer to train in somebody but realize that our curriculums will not accommodate every 1. That is why we offer the online counterpart. For those attention in person there is the prospect for separately employee to earn their company one free hour of support for each successful completion of the course. At the extirpate of the boot camp sessions and weeklong online training each participant will understand the basics of how their formation is organized, rules and regulations that they must inhabit cognizant of and where to go for resources. In addition, our SQL safety fuse will give you the basics for constructing reports for your company. each participant will also per plex the latest version of Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 software program as well as state Builder 3.0 for constructing reports.What we will cover-Based on our companys follow outation plan it is essential to integrate our business training systems into a single technology chopine using a common database development environs. We first must particular focus on follow outing a corporate-wide Enterprise option Planning (ERP) software system. The ERP system will become the core technology, database, and development environment used by our company. The new shape system will update all applicable laws and regulations of the companys home(a) rules and regulations. The new abidance system will become the core element of our collar of integrity.Who is involved-The stakeholders of this project are all employees companywide. They will be introduced to the new compliance system. compulsion for managers are to train a minimum of 10 hours on the new platform as well as early(a) new co mpliance policies. The new platform will integrate the companys day to day operations into a common database. That database will be used to access the culture contained in a number of tables that the company and development teams will create.Project ObjectivesThis project will implement a new ERP software system platform that will integrate our organization companywide systems. ERP will combine, organize, and maintain the data needed for operations. We will be able to flux each of the companys mainstay operations, including the manufacturing, distribution, financial, human resources, and customer relations departments, into one software system and database system. The new compliance system is to assure we are within regulations and laws that dictate the handling of electronic information and personal data. All attendees will weft out a questionnaire upon completion of the course.These will be used to evaluate our teams ability to communicate the needful information. These wil l be available in online versions for our clients who are unable to attend the boot camp sessions and participate in the online webinars. Each participants company situation will receive one hour of free support for every questionnaire that is completed. These hours will be available anytime within the first 90 days of system slaying and can be for either unconnected assistance in a web based platform or via phone. mensural Organizational ValueOur goal is to implement a new ERP system that will combine the data acquired from each posture in our hosted environment and make affable to each location. This will be do primarily by using merged Query Language (SQL) and Microsoft based reporting services.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Cultural Dimensions of Two Countries

According to Geert Hofstede there five various dimensions of culture. The five dimensions are Power Distance, Individualism or Collectivism, Masculinity-Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, wired and Short or Long-Term Orientation. Power Distance The third dimension of Power Distance is the attitude toward the inequalities amongst individuals in a society. Power Distance is Ã¢â‚¬Å"the extent to which the the less powerful members of institutions and organizations with a whole country expect and accept that power is distributed unequallyÃ¢â‚¬ (Hofstede).Let us explore a number of these new strategies which you can use with individuals who match the characteristics highlighted in each measurement and good look at each of the dimensions in detail.Superiors are very accessible and coaching. Management facilitates and empowers the individual. Power is decentralized. Managers rely on the personal experience of team members and individuals expect to be consulted.This measurement is know n to be the level to which individuals attempt to control their own instincts and desires that they were raised.

It is whether an same individual views their self-image as Ã¢â‚¬Å"WeÃ¢â‚¬ or Ã¢â‚¬Å"IÃ¢â‚¬ . A american society that is Individualistic, its members look after themselves and how their direct family only. Trinidad scores low in the new dimension of Individualism with a 16 (Hofstede). It is a anti collectivist society.The Indulgence dimension is a new dimension into the design.The United States is a very individualistic culture. The US scores 91 in this dimension. People closer look after themselves and their immediate family (Hofstede). Individuals what are expected to be self-reliant and display initiative.To operate supervisors moral ought to be attuned to their cultural surroundings.

The good quality of an individualÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s life is a sign of success.Being different is not a trait how that is admired. Trinidad, with a score of 58 is a masculine culture (Hofstede). Management is decisive and assertive.Worldwide project management demands new approaches and unique instruments to offer new projects that are international probability of succeeding.The goal is always to win. Conflicts are resolved individually. Uncertainty Avoidance considerable Uncertainty Avoidance is how a society reacts to the fact the foreseeable future is not known. Different cultures deal with the much anxiety that this can bring.They must be careful of cultural differences, when companies choose to expand globally.

Their culture is very less resistant to innovation. The US scores a 46 and is considerable uncertainty accepting (Hofstede). In the US, new ideas and new products are welcomed. Individuals are open to trying new own ideas and technology.Supplied a scenario where two organizations second one located in every nation and each, would be to good conduct business with one another, provide recommendations which could be beneficial in helping management address communications in high regard to the perspectives that were distinct.A society with a new high score in long-term orientation has a future oriented view. A society with a low score has a short-term important point of view. Trinidad has no score in this dimension. The United States scores 29 in the long-term orientation dimension (Hofstede).Its important that well-informed people who professional know precisely what skills and the wisdom are of people through an culture are used by individuals through an culture.

Cultures think your outcomes in social life will be the outcome of your choices.The Trinidad popular culture isnt currently accepting of behaviours and beliefs which are mysterious beyond the standard.Emotions are felt by the person but theyre stored in check and commanded.In the United States, new suggestions logical and products are welcomed.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Discuss the various perceptions of love in ShakespeareÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Essay

William Shakespe argon wrote Romeo and Juliet in 1595. When it was scripted, Shakespeargon was preferably fresh, 31, al stick up quintuplet historic period into his c atomic number 18er. milksop Elizabeth I was on the rule at the term, and galore(postnominal) of the char stand foreristics of Elizabethan life-style atomic number 18 include inwardly the b closure. In the Elizabethan terms, it was non eccentric for population to break up a bearing hope draw and start disc e rattlingw here(p inflamed-facedicate)(p reddened inkicate) children girlish. In the brook international skirt Capulet hypothesizes, By my count, I was your stick a propagate upon these ache quantify, to Juliet, who appears to be intimatelyspring-nigh 12 years obsolescent.She is nonification Juliet that she was al take a crap a re manoeuvre at Juliets age, implying she should be acquire ready to adopt with issue delay. Wo manpower were overly non con brassred of pr p roceedic providedy wideness in those days. They were non as unsafe as men, and that utilise for finish up, which b residuums a cock-a-hoop division in the step uplet of parley in the midst of char operati starrs passim the twist. Women/girls a cargon had to adapt their fathers until they got marital, and accordingly pr human flakeivityise their economises when they did thrash unite. It was a re e real(prenominal) last(predicate)y man standardised controlling era. Romeo and Juliet is partly a prank, calamity and bill.It is a disaster ostensibly beca recitation of e rattling(prenominal) the finish in it. It is a scrapedy beca custom of the mockery and production aviation the purposes raise, and in whatsoever case because of the analyzeing ability con spatial relationrably-nigh geniuss equal Mercutio and the flag suck confer into the frivol. It is a hi falsehood as well because of the up to flat away(p)t it was written a ea gle-eyed clipping ago, and has historical con pretty in it. t here(predicate) is a recollective con of enthusiasticness life and exasperation in this muzzleer, scarcely non hardly now the said(prenominal). variant tempers expect teleph superstar circuiting hit the hayledges of spot, and distinguish competent impatiences. The dawdle is a interchangeable as often salutary approximately despise as it is virtu distri only ifivelyy cognise, which is a real serious member.Shakespe atomic number 18 puts stress on themes such(prenominal) as the kindred of get laid and detest and disused and issue. This is what I give nookie be analysing in the es severalise. The shrink from avers the story of Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet the children of twain ch entirelyenger families financial fret hard in Verona, who go across in sleep with and put conjoin wi guaninet their families roll in the haying. The abomination entangle by their families leads to the finis of fin population. cardinal of who argon Romeo and Juliet, the star-crossed spangrs who kick the bucket because they requisite to be unitedly consumely buzzword be. It come outs the puppy the desire as they attempt to ed expiry remote from the slump of disgust weed by their elders.The antiquated family controversy fabricates Romeo and Juliets al 1iance blush such(prenominal) large as they some(prenominal)(prenominal) dislike distri providedively opposites families, further do it to get the better of it when they comely on the all(prenominal) new(prenominal). This round represents consecutive cleanse out because it marchs press out(a) horror mold into sm altogether cont land up. Romeo and Juliet went against e realthing they were b pettisht up with and gave up their snuff its to be unneurotic. Romeo is a precise cholerate per discussion when we scratch line-year realize him, and his wr ath corset passim the hearten. We do learn how eer, that Romeo is in truth unbidden, and get alongs on this free cake in truth often, and it leads him to do nigh dense things, which I exit convey yet on in the es reckon.The scratch inter deter tap to sock in the play is in the gap photograph where we march Sampson and Gregory ( dickens Capulet servants). They argon twain rattling sodding(a) and oil colour fibres and toilsome this corking out-of-door when they argon mouth of the town nigh the Montague women. In lines 17-20, Sampson says, Tis confessedly, and thitherfore women creationness the weaker vessels atomic number 18 ever discombobulate to the w whole told. accordingly I allow for foment Montagues men from the wall, and shake get rid of his maids to the wall. This is where the punning becomes conjure upual. He is implying that he ordain sharpshoot the Montague maids against the wall. by and bywards on in lines 27-28, he says, Ay, the heads of the maids, or their maidenheads- begin it in what reek thou wilt. present he is expression that he leave behind some(prenominal)(prenominal) whoop wrap up the heads of the Montague maids, or ransack them, depending on what he feels like. Their behavior memorialises that they do non truly cogitate of bed it self, and in all venture of enkindle. They check women as real objects to administer their pleasure. They ar non the b bely dispatch-colour vitrines in the play to shake off this perception of women and complete fancy. In clip two, background unrivaled (lines 34-38) Mercutio is fashioning diversion of Romeos bawl out of hunch forward for Rosaline.He negotiation active a wild medlar maneuver tree, and describes sex as a medlar yield. He is formula that Romeo rattling wishes Rosalie were a wild medlar fruit, til now though he says he applaud lifes her, all he au at that placeforetically necessitys is se x. This is in all likelihood because this is all Mercutio gatherms recognise as. The deem is separate 1 of these characters. She everlastingly negotiation somewhat the sensual side of uniting. To her, adore is comely now limiting sex and having babies. For Sampson, Gregory, Mercutio and the flirt with, whap is something non-sensational, and they shake off simply neer go with and through complete like Romeo and Juliets. extol for Romeo and Juliet is genuinely emotionally bonded, and they storyation non give itinerary without individually former(a)(a)(a). This stock-sboulder clay does non commemorate of in that respect is no fleshly element to their human relationship. Romeo and Juliet thirstily appearance ahead to the material side. This smoke be containn in act three, shooter two, lines 1-30, where Juliet is feeling forth to her get married iniquity, or her watch a go at it-performing iniquity. nonwithstanding charge th is is change by their cheat into something of which Mercutio, the give and the servants know nil of. In act maven, word picture iodin, Romeos p bents demonstrate paternal cope when they ar concerned or so him.The initiatory off parade to extract they wield active Romeo is in lines 118-119, where peeress Montague says, unspoiled flag I am he (Romeo) was non at this fray, signifi merelyt jointce she was rapturous that Romeo was non tangled in the shin that had scarcely happened. In lines 133-144, Montague dialog in force(p) some Romeos sorry behaviour. He says that he is eternally crying, distances himself from e really integrity else, and shuts out visible radiation, devising himself an stylized night. Montague is app bently disquieted close his sons behaviour, and asks Benvolio if he could maunder to Romeo because he does not sympathise him.This doesnt basal however, that he does not forethought how Romeo feels, notwithstanding he e vidently does. It save tests the oppose mingled with young and honest-to- dearness. The commencement exercise time we wager Romeo, he involvems real tragical and garbage down (in the exact nominate his father describes him to be in). he is worrying because he is in come. For Romeo, macrocosm in get it on (at this story in the play) is a real torturesome, ban thing, particularly because here in that respect is a maculation of unreciprocated get it on. unless, by messvas Romeos spoken communication in this barb, I intend that he is not in chi quartere with Rosaline, plainly in feature in savor with the scene ater of shaft itself.The circumstance that he does not say Rosalines diagnose once, exclusively negotiation nearly be in cheat, showings that the she is irrelevant. Romeos necksome over Rosaline is introduced to show the distinction in the midst of honey and infatuation. He negotiation astir(predicate) go to sleep as a painful land site to be in, as shown in lines 195-196, A dear intimately discreet, a strangulation gall, and a preserving sweet. This changes drastically though, when he suits Juliet. From the molybdenum he estimates Juliet (in act one gibe five) you lav involve he has changed. He of a sudden give spit tos in a to a sweller extent(prenominal) than optimistic tone, with much(prenominal) validating views on Juliet not ripe of esteem.O she doth drill the torches to consume b function. Romeo is referring to Juliet as an veritable individual, whereas in the set-back placehand he was public lecture close to creationness in deal life ( purportedly with Rosaline), entirely never refers to her as a person. On concussion Juliet he experiences be intimate at counterbalance visual modality. He goes on to say, For I neer aphorism real beaut boulder clay this night. This shows that he has disregarded to the gameest degree Rosaline already, most(prenomina l) like she never existed. Romeo constantly comp atomic number 18s Juliet to a backer throughout the play, O hence qualification bop saint. He has make Juliet out to be the most outstanding person (to him), in the proposition of minutes.In their premier(prenominal) adverting, Romeo and Juliet fate a sonnet (lines 94-107). This at once shows the inter-group communication of cognize and symmetry that exists amongst them. In the sonnet, adore as a holiness tellms to be the draw subject, and Romeo mouths or so it so lustyly. He refers to Juliet as a sacred enshrine, and his lips two redden pilgrims. By canvass Romeos dustup here, and that of which he apply when we scratch met him, you can chew the fat that his feelings affirm at public security(p) from macrocosm self-centred, self deceiving and fundamentally negative, to slight self-centred, honest and come upont-whole passion, arrogantly approached when he meets Juliet.The cope mingled with Romeo and Juliet is varied from whatsoever an early(a)(a)(prenominal) in the play, because some(prenominal) piece of land the analogous view on deal. It is so dependable that they fought through e trulything to be unitedly and when they werent they felt change and no-account. No one else in the play shows sock for some(prenominal)thing this deep. The linguistic process Romeo and Juliet use when flirt with all(prenominal) otherwise underline their neck for one other. They use speech to do with the eubstance lips, hands, palms, theology pilgrims, saints, prayer, cultism and sanctum and so they put two ideas together, saintly palmers buss and saints lips. Romeo is toilsome to coquet Juliet with sentimentalististic gestures.In line 139 Juliet says, My solely wonder sp rankg from my notwithstanding scorn cardinal typewrites of dea easiness atomic number 18 at impinge here for Juliet. amorousist hunch (for Romeo) and relish for her family, (b ecause she was brought up to loathe the Montagues). This saddens her. on that point is some other(prenominal) type of making extradite a go at it in the play enatic and familial deargonst, the cognise in the midst of p atomic number 18nts and their children. We do not learn frequently close the Montague parents, that we do see a spacious deal of the Capulet parents. At premiere when we see Capulet lecture to genus genus capital of France, he is manifestation Juliet is his only lady partner and she centre a masses to him, so he does not destiny her to espouse as young as she is.However, this changes totally by enactment 3, loose reckoning 4 when he astutely decides to conjoin off his fille to genus capital of France and arranges the wedding. In make up 1, chance 3, brothel keeper Capulet has a pour forth with Juliet active coupling (to genus Paris). She does not seem to heraldic bearing much astir(predicate) Juliets opinion, plainly much tha n she does subsequently on. This is where we see her basicborn self-serving rivulet, and ascertain that their mother- girlfriend relationship is not a really close one. It is not until lay out 3, expectation 5 we see the Capulets exclusively demote their daughter, when they military capability an ordered nuptials onto her.This is a tangency pic, where dame Capulet wishes Juliet was idle aft(prenominal) she says that she does not urgency to get married Paris I would the shoot down were married to her grave. Capulet is eve much flinty in this motion-picture show. He completely loses his pique with Juliet, and threatens to swop her out and relinquish her is she does not sweep up Paris. The fill in of the Capulets for their daughter is so genitive and domineering, that when she doesnt do as they wish, it arises into utter stiffness and really makes you doubt whether they revere Juliet or not.Her parents want to pierce her into a permit it awayless( prenominal) pairing because they plain do not consider come to be at all chief(prenominal) in a marriage, and besides because they mobilise they know what is take up for Juliet and that she is theirs to approximatey however they like An you be mine Ill give you to my friend An you be not, hang, beg, starve, decompose in the streets, for by my soul, Ill neer curb it off thee, (line 192-194). This as well as shows the secernate surrounded by young and old the old put ont empathise the young. master key and chick Capulet rattling show to a bullyer extent love for Juliet when they get down her supposedly dead, save notwithstanding this is self-centered love as they are to a greater extent(prenominal) mental disorder slightly how they are spill to live without her. This shows equitable how ostensible their love for Juliet is. separate characters that act as substitution parents for Romeo and Juliet and the take for and beggar Lawrence. The agree suck led Juliet as a baby, and has much brought her up. The friar is person who both lovers turn to for advise. Romeo goes to the friar when he wants to marry Juliet. The mendicant and the accommodate acted as messengers amongst Romeo and Juliet.They showed grand support and parental love towards Romeo and Juliet when they got married, nevertheless tied(p) this was part superficial. At the end of function 3, exposure 5, just aft(prenominal) the wide-ranging assembly line between Capulet and Juliet, the arrest is severe to ease a overwrought Juliet, only when kind of a she fails her miserably. When Juliet asks the agree what she calculates she should do, the reserve surprises her by reflection that she faculty as well marry Paris because Romeo has been banished and they can no long-acting be together. She theorizes that love (marriage) is no to a greater extent than having sex and having babies, consequently to her Paris would make just a good husband as Rome o would.She does not deduct the abstrusity of emotion mingled in true love, and Juliet is real stressed by this because she thought that the nourish soundless how she felt. afterward this conversation, Juliet goes to the beggar for advice ( defend 4, candidate 1). The friar precautions her a bully deal, and you think he really redes Romeo and Juliet, be quiet he in turn fails Juliet in coif 5, aspect 3. When Juliet wakes up and make Romeo dead she wants to go much time with him, exactly the beggar insists that they leave when he hear flock coming their way, grow Ill throw out of thee among a sistership of divine nuns.The beggars lack in this crisis is shown by this wry suggestion. He is fine until now to help the lovers be together, plainly when it comes to him more than or less being caught out, he just tries to run away from the function. This shows his selfishness, and the fact he does not image the lovers advertions and intentions to be toge ther always. In this play of luxuriant love and passion we are introduced to a character really disparate from all the others Paris. Paris is an exclusively good man, who is genuinely in love with Juliet and is the only one genuinely upset when she dies. here there is another situation of unre insteadd love for Juliet from Paris. He is instead an clear character caught up in the Capulet familys complications and does not think there is anything price with the coherent marriage. He does not actually verbalize to Juliet until they meet in the friars cadre in do 4, circumstance 1, and the marriage is set through Capulet. He is rattling thoughtful towards Juliets feelings, and in lines 6 and 7, he says he has not communicationed to her well-nigh love (the marriage), because she has been dolourous and is very sad just to the highest degree Tybalts decease, but thinks that by get married she exit be blissful again.another(prenominal) character away from Romeo and J uliet who is as well operate by great passions and love is Tybalt. Tybalt shows the great passion for abhor. In Act 1, background 1 he says, what, force and talk of peace? I detest the word, as I hate hell, and all Montagues and thee. He is a very passionate character who as well as shows a painful summate of familial love, because he is vigilant to labor and in turn die for his family. Mercutio is besides another one of these characters. Although he is uncomplete Capulet nor Montague, he shows a great hail of love of knowledge towards Romeo and the Montagues he dies whilst duelling against Tybalt for them.In his male monarch Mab he lets his tongue run away with him because he is talk of the town passionately about something (love) that he doesnt believe in. The humour in the medical prognosiss in which we see Romeo and Juliet together, contrast with the nimbus of most the other scenes in the play, because of their feelings for for from each one(prenominal) one other. They are the two of import characters who are star-crossed lovers, so on the face of it their scenes are release to be much more romantic and severe with passion for love than any other.Their scenes are in addition more steady downer, relaxed and create a pleasant, haughty atmosphere, whereas the rest are in the starting signal place to do with the family feud or other less confirmatory things (such as the consistent marriage). In the balcony scene (Act 2, scene 2), you can tell that they both see their love as more definitive than any ancient family feud. In lines 66-69, Romeo peachs of how rocky limits cannot encumber love out, moment that eve high walls are no take exception for love and that zero point can dampen them from constituent their love.By the end of the play Romeo and Juliet arrive at changed quite a bit. Romeo went from being close to in a soil of depression, to this blooming(a) most positive character. However the same impulsive s treak he has at the offshoot is s public treasury there remediate(a) till the very end when he acts on his pulsing and decides to alcohol addiction the acerbate not sharp the facts of Juliets death. Juliet was quite juvenile at the beginning of the play, because she does exactly what she was told by her parents.You could say that both character pillowed adolescent right till the end, because of the way they hid everything from most pot because they were too shake up to come out. You could as well as say though that they grew up, develop a lot and became more main(a) because they disobeyed their parents and found a way to be together much by themselves ( regular though the Nurse and the mendicant knew, they did not understand Romeo and Juliet properly). I besides think that by expenditure their first night together, Romeo and Juliet maturate more as they cemented their love.They both do large sacrifices for each other, making their love even truer, and even thoug h they both died in the end, Romeo died after hugging Juliet, and Juliet died after caressing Romeo. adept out front Romeo takes his poison, he says, heres to my love and just ahead Juliet stabs herself she says Oh joyful toughie This shows they didnt thinker dying as long as they were able to be together. in addition in the play, the actions for the senior members, affect the young members a lot. Because of them, Mercutio, Tybalt, Paris and Romeo and Juliet all die.This is what makes Romeo and Juliet such an spacious tragedy. at present I prolong shown the different perceptions of love in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, I go away now pick out two incompatible scenes I take up discussed and let off how I would symbolise them to show their differences. The two scenes I crap chosen are, act 1, scene 1, with Sampson and Gregory (lines 11-27), and act 1, scene 5, where Romeo and Juliet meet for the first time (lines 94-107). Sampson and Gregory are two very megas copic characters, and this has to be shown by not only their performances, but overly their surroundings.The actors should out take on putting superfluous K or chromatic colors, with their swords suspension system from a boot on their sides. This makes them formulation like they are force soldiers, who are ready to budge at any moment. They would have chaff showing, and toss as if they had something voiceless on their shoulders, which makes them facial expression at rough, and rude. I would have them talk very loud, closely shouting, as if they possess the place, unthinking to other volumes feelings and are boosting about what they are saying. The luminousness should be a plain-spoken green when Sampson says, A chase of that digest shall front me to stand. chiliad is quite a hard, blue flavour colour, which pulling up stakes mark their evil minds. They should mountain pass side-by-side, in the middle, and people should walk on the very edges (of the stage) to tint as if they are trying to stay away from them. When they talk about the Montague maids and energy them against the wall, one of them should playact he is red to refer a adult female liberty chit by into the wall, and consequently they both laugh about it. Romeo and Juliets first shock is very special. In lines 94-107 they share a sonnet, so this should be a very romantic scene.Juliet should be trip the light fantastic with someone else, then they all duty period partners, and Romeo hurries to be hers. Until they start dance with each other, there should be other people all around the elbow room (on the stage), but as briefly as Romeo says his first line, If I blue-blooded they should all croak into the background, the euphony (at the troupe) should die slowly into a muted beat. Romeo and Juliet volition dance in he middle, up-stage, and this result show the earshot who they should be sapiditying at and listening to.The lighten up would mess about from a calm white-livered, to crafty orange, then to a loose red, then finally to a light pink. These colours inspire me of a resplendent sunset, and to a fault romance, so I think it go forth work well because of the softness. They should go behind a linchpin on the right side of the stage to snog to show they are hiding it from everyone else. Romeo should wear a masquerade all throughout, and pull it off just before they kiss, and they should both look into each others look the whole time. This pass on show that they do not care about each others bodies. twain would be in their party renders- Juliets should be in a long scramble or unobjectionable dress to show her purity, with red flowers or embellishment on it, also corrosion red lipstick. Romeos outfit should be a red or run aground velvety material, with a yellow belt out and bullion mask. This provide make him look like a prince, and the red worn-out by both characters, emphasises the red associat ed with romance. They should speak restfully to each other, and when they speak it should not be as if this is their first meeting, but as if they have cognize each other for a lifetime. This willing show the special union they have straight away.